Educational Background

Ph.D. Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami
M.S. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Dept. de Ciencias Marinas
B.S. Florida Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Sciences

Professional Experience

• F.I.T.:  Professor, Sustainability Program Manager, 2010-present
• Online Sciences Program Chair, 2011-14
• Research Professor and Doherty Fellow, 2007-11
• Environmental Defense Fund:  Senior Scientist, Caribbean Program Manager, Miami, 2000-2007
• University of Miami, RSMAS:  Postdoctoral Fellow, Graduate Asst., 1989-1999
• Coastal Research and Education, Inc.:  Executive Director, Miami, 1989-1999
• NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center: Research Scientist, Miami, 1985-1989

Consulting includes:

• Smithsonian Institution
• NOAA-NMFS
• Florida Dept. of Environ. Protection
• Conservation International
• South Atlantic Fishery Management Council
• National Geographic Society
• U.N. Food & Agriculture Organization

Products include:

• >75 research publications include  a) science and policy articles in >20 peer-review journals;  b) 4 co-authored/edited books;  c) chapters in 5 books; and d) major team assessments of science and policy issues (e.g., Florida DEP, NOAA, IUCN), links to most below.
• Co-management of >30 local, regional, national, and international conservation projects in English and Spanish with partners in approx. 10 Latin American and Caribbean nations.  Co-developed >5 habitat and fishery conservation laws, >15 marine protected areas, and varied coastal management and climate adaptation initiatives in focal regions.
• Member of >35 graduate student committees, advisor of >15 at 8 universities.
• >25 grants awarded and managed, approx. $3.5 million.  Directed/assisted 5 corporate start-ups (non-profit and FL S Corp.).
• >150 manuscript reviews for 38 research and policy journals, 11 books, and 15  foundation/government proposals.
• >20 international, federal, local advisory panels & steering committees, 2000-current, below.
• >150 conference/workshop presentations in English and Spanish,  >50 abstracts.
• Instructed or guest-lectured over 10 university courses in sciences or policy.  Lecturer in Spanish at 5 universities.
• Partnerships on dozens of local through international conservation science intitatives in the U.S., Latin America and the Caribbean from the early-1980s to the present.  These efforts have always involved agency- and citizen-partners, including waterfolk leaders, to advance sustainable policy actions at local and regional scales of governance.

Advisory & Management Panels:  Current and past include:

International
IUCN Species Survival Commission - Global Snapper, Seabream, Grunt Specialist Group (co-chair);  IUCN Conservation Planning Specialist Group;  FAO/NOAA Working Group on Fish Spawning Aggregations, Greater Caribbean. 
World Bank Targeted Coral Reef Connectivity Workgroup;  Caribbean Fishery Manag. Council - Habitat Advisory Panel; IUCN Species Conservation Planning Committee;  US-Brasil Marine Policy Consortium.

U.S. National and Regional
South Atlantic Fishery Management Council:  MPA Expert Workgroup;  Interdisciplinary Planning Team.  SAFMC Habitat Advisory Panel. SAFMC Snapper-Grouper Advisory Panel;  Oculina Bank Reserve Evaluation Team, SAFMC Fishery Ecosystem Plan Writing Team: Climate, other chapters;  Marine Connectivity Working Group, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis.

Florida State and Local
East-Central Florida Regional Resilience Collaborative, Sea Level Steering Committee;  Stronger Safer Florida;  S. Florida Regional Climate Compact, Shoreline Resilience Workgroup;  Comprehensive Planning & Advisory Board and Sea-Level Rise Subcommittee, City of Satellite Beach;  SE Florida Coral Reef Initiative - Maritime Construction Workgroup;  Sustainability Awards Committee, Keep Brevard Beautiful;  Brevard County Maritime Master Plan Workgroup.

Board of Director Memberships, Corporate Governance:  Current and past include:
Coastal Science and Policy, Inc., President (2007-present);  Marine Resources Council of East-Central Florida, Director, Board Climate Committee Chair (2009-2022);  Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (est. 1947), Director, co-founded Gladding Memorial Award for Leadership in Sustainable Fishing (2001-2008, 2004);  Society for the Conservation of Reef Fish Aggregations, Director (2002-2006); Coastal Research and Education Inc., Board Chair (1989-1999).

Selected Publications

Young, S.A., K.C. Lindeman and S.F. Fowler. 2022. Climate adaptation and risk preparedness in Florida’s east coast cities: views of municipal leaders. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. In press.

Pathak, A., P.E. van Beynen, F.A. Akiwumi, and K.C. Lindeman. 2022. Climate change in the strategic tourism planning for small islands: key policy actors’ perspectives from The Bahamas. In: Pandemics, Disasters, Sustainability, and Tourism. ed. I. Bethell-Bennett, S.A. Rolle, J. Minnis and F. Okumus. Emerald Publishing, Bingley, UK. ISBN: 9781803821061. 

Pathak, A., P.E. van Beynen, F.A. Akiwumi, and K.C. Lindeman. 2021.  Climate adaptation within the tourism sector of a Small Island Developing State: a case study from the coastal accommodations subsector in the Bahamas.  Business Strategy and Development. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.160

Grace, M.K. , >200 coauthors. 2021. Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact.  Conservation Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13756

Pathak, A., P.E. van Beynen, F.A. Akiwumi, and K.C. Lindeman.  2020.  Impacts of climate change on the tourism sector of a Small Island Developing State: a case study for the Bahamas. Environmental Development, Vol. 37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100556

McCarthy, D.A., K.C. Lindeman, D.B. Snyder, and K.A. Holloway-Adkins. 2020. Islands in the Sand: Ecology and Management of Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs of East Florida. Springer Press, Switzerland, 472 pp. https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40357-7

Cowie, W., fifteen coauthors. 2020. 2020. IUCN Guidelines: Gathering and Utilising Fishers’ Knowledge for Policy Development and Application. International Union for the Conserv. of Nature, Switzerland and UAE. 91 pp.

Sadovy, Y.J., M.C. Prada, J.O. Azueta, and K.C. Lindeman.  2020.  Regional Fish Spawning Aggregation Fishery Management Plan: Nassau Grouper and Mutton Snapper. Caribbean Fishery Management Council and FAO, Puerto Rico and Barbados. 104 pp.

Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman, A.S. Kough, and C.B. Paris.  2019.  Biophysical connectivity of snapper spawning aggregations and marine protected area management alternatives in Cuba. Fisheries Oceanography 28:33–42.

Lindeman, K.C., C. Giannoulis, and B.R. Beard.  2018.  Coastal climate adaptation literatures of the Southeast and Northeast U.S.:  regional comparisons among states and document sources.  Journal of Marine Science & Engineering 6, 152; doi:10.3390/jmse6040152.

Linardich, C., G.M. Ralph, D.R. Robertson, H. Harwell, B.A. Polidoro, K.C. Lindeman, and K.E. Carpenter.  2018.  Conservation status of greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico marine bony shorefishes. Aquatic Conservation: Marine & Freshwater Ecosystems.  1–17. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.2959

IUCN Species Conservation Planning Sub-Committee.  2017.  Guidelines for Species Conservation Planning, Version 1.0.  International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland, 114 pp.

Farmer, N.A., W.D. Heyman, M. Karnauskas, S. Kobara, T.I. Smart, J.C. Ballenger, M.J.M. Reichert, D.M. Wyanski, M.S. Tishler, K.C. Lindeman, S.K. Lowerre-Barbieri, T.S. Switzer, J.J. Solomon, K. McCain, M. Marhefka, and G.R. Sedberry.  2017.  Timing and location of reef fish spawning off the southeastern United States. PLoS ONE 12(3):e0172968. 

Polidoro, B., thirty co-authors.   2017.  The status of marine biodiversity in the Eastern Central Atlantic (West and Central Africa). Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 2017:1–14.

Farmer, N., W. Heyman, M. Karnauskas, S. Kobara, T. Smart, J. Ballenger, M. Reichert, D. Wyanski, M. Tishler, K. Lindeman, S. Lowerre-Barbieri, T. Switzer, J. Solomon, K. McCain, M. Marhefka, and G. Sedberry.   2017.  How can we protect fish better? Environmental Science Journal for Teens May 2017.

Lindeman, K.C.   2016.  Applied sustainability education with a systems science emphasis at a STEM university. pp. 141-153. In M. Albiez et al. eds. Designing Sustainable Urban Futures. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Scientific Publishers, Germany.

Albiez, M., G. Banse, K.C. Lindeman and A. Quint, editors.   2016.   Designing Sustainable Urban Futures. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Scientific Publishers, Germany. 

Kough, A.S., R. Claro, K.C. Lindeman and C.B. Paris.   2016.  Decadal analysis of larval connectivity from Cuban snapper (Lutjanidae) spawning aggregations based on biophysical modeling.  Marine Ecology Progress Series 550:175–190.

Lindeman, K.C., L.E. Dame, C.B. Avenarius, B.P. Horton, J.P. Donnelly, D.R. Corbett, A.C. Kemp, P. Lane, M.E. Mann and W.R. Peltier.   2015.  Science needs for sea-level adaptation planning: comparisons among three U.S. Atlantic coastal regions.  Coastal Management 43(5):555-574. 

Ariza, E., K.C. Lindeman, P. Mozumder, and D.O. Suman.  2014.  Beach management in Florida: assessing stakeholder perceptions on governance.  Ocean and Coastal Management 96:82-93. 

Sale, P.F., twenty-two co-authors.  2014.  Transforming management of tropical coastal seas to cope with challenges of the 21st century. Marine Pollution Bulletin 85:8-23.

CSA Ocean Sciences, Inc.  2014.  Mitigating the functions of nearshore hardbottom in east Florida: field comparisons of natural and artificial reef structures.  Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, Florida Dept. of Environ. Protection, Tallahassee, FL.

Jordan, L.K.B., K.C Lindeman, and R.E. Spieler.  2012.  Depth-variable settlement patterns and predation influence on newly settled reef fishes (Haemulon spp., Haemulidae).  PLoS ONE 7(12):1-11.

Lindeman, K.C., E. Müller, and G. Ricci.  2012.  Marine protected area management: improving performance by professionalizing career paths with integrated training, certification, and trade organization development.  Periodica Oeconomica (1):39-49.

Müller, E. and K.C. Lindeman.  2012.  Climate change in several Central and South American ecosystems: challenges and needs for effective management.  In:  Banse, G., G. Nelson, and O. Parodi (eds.).  Sustainable Development: The Cultural Perspective: Concepts - Aspects - Examples. Sigma Publishers, Berlin.

Russell, M.,B. Luckhurst and K C. Lindeman.  2012.  Management of spawning aggregations. pp. 371-404. In Y. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P. Colin (eds.). Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations: Biology, Research and Management. Springer Press, 621 pp.

Lindeman, K.C. and T. Ruppert.  2011.  Policy recommendations and training to improve agency permitting, compliance, and enforcement for coral resource conservation in southeast Florida.  Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative, Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection, 207 pp.

Moura, R.L, R.B. Francini-Filho, E.M. Chaves, C.V. Minte-Vera, and K.C. Lindeman.   2011.  Use of riverine through reef habitat systems by dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu) in eastern Brazil.  Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 95(1):274-278.

Lindeman, K.C., H.T. Gibson, and H. Yu.   2010.  Participatory climate adaptation in coastal Florida:  increasing roles for water-users and independent science.  Proc. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute  62:7-11.

Cowan, J. H., C. B. Grimes, W. F. Patterson, C. J. Walters, A. C. Jones, W. J. Lindberg, D. J. Sheehy, W. E. Pine, J. E. Powers, M. D. Campbell, K. C. Lindeman, S. L. Diamond, R. Hilborn, H. T. Gibson and K. A. Rose.  2010.  Red snapper management in the Gulf of Mexico: science- or faith-based?  Reviews in Fish Biology & Fisheries  DOI 10.1007/s11160-010-9165-7.

Sale, P.F., H. Van Lavieren, M.C. Ablan, J. Atema, M. Butler, C. Fauvelot, J.D. Hogan, G.P. Jones, K.C. Lindeman, C.B. Paris, R. Steneck and H.L. Stewart.  2010.  Preserving reef connectivity: a handbook for marine protected area managers. Connectivity Working Group, GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research & Capacity Building Program, United Nations University, INWEH. 79 pp.

Claro, R., Y. Sadovy de Mitcheson, K. C. Lindeman, and A. Garca-Cagíde.  2009.  Historical analysis of commercial Cuban fishing effort and the effects of management interventions on important reef fishes: 1960 – 2005.  Fisheries Research 99(1):7-16. 

CSA International.   2009.  Ecological functions of nearshore hardbottom habitat in east Florida: a literature synthesis. Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, Florida Dept. of Environ. Protection,Tallahassee, FL. 266 pp.

Rocha, L.A., K.C. Lindeman, C.R. Rocha, and H.A. Lessios.  2008.  Historical biogeography and speciation in the reef fish genus Haemulon (Teleostei: Haemulidae).  Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48:918–928.

Lindeman, K.C.  2008.  The uncommon common fishes. Florida Sportsman Mar. 2008:82-88.

Sadovy de Mitcheson, Y., Cornish, A., Domeier, M., Colin, P. L., Russell, M., and Lindeman, K.C.   2008.  A global baseline for spawning aggregations of reef fishes.  Conservation Biology 22(5):1233-1244.

Sale, P.F., M. J. Butler IV, A.J. Hooten, J.P. Kritzer, K.C. Lindeman, Y.J. Sadovy de Mitcheson, R.S. Steneck and H. VanLavieren.   2008.  Stemming decline of the coastal ocean: Rethinking environmental management.  INWEH, United Nations University, Hamilton, Canada. 42 pp.

Lindeman, K.C.  2007.  Manejo costero sin integracion en el Caribe noroeste: tendencias actuales y escenarios futuros. Proc. Gulf & Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 59:57-62.

Moura, R.L. and K.C. Lindeman.   2007.  A new species of snapper (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Brazil and the southern distributional status of Lutjanus griseus and L. apodus.  Zootaxa 1422:31-43.

Lindeman, K.C.   2005.  Inermiidae: Bonnetmouths. pp. 1647-1650 in W.J. Richards, ed.  Guide to the Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes. CRC Press. 2581 pp.

Lindeman, K.C., W.J. Richards, J. Lyczkowski-Shultz, D.M. Drass, C.B. Paris, J.M. Leis, M. Lara, and B.H. Comyns.   2005. Lutjanidae: Snappers. pp. 1549-1585 in W.J. Richards, ed. Guide to the Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes. CRC Press. 2581 pp.

Lindeman, K.C. and W.J. Richards.   2005.  Grunts: Haemulidae. pp. 1597-1645 in W.J. Richards, ed. Guide to the Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes. CRC Press. 2581 pp.

Sale, P.F. R.K. Cowen, B.S. Danilowicz, G.P. Jones, J.P. Kritzer, K.C. Lindeman, S. Planes, N.V.C. Polunin, G.R. Russ, Y.J. Sadovy and R.S. Steneck.   2005.  Critical science gaps impede use of no-take fishery reserves. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20(2):74-80.

Lindeman, K.C. and D. DeMaria.   2005.  Juveniles of the Caribbean’s largest coral reef snapper do not use reefs.  Coral Reefs 24:359.

Paris, C.B., R.K. Cowen, R. Claro and K.C. Lindeman.   2005.  Larval transport pathways from Cuban spawning aggregations (Snappers; Lutjanidae) based on biophysical modeling.  Marine Ecology Progress Series 296:93-106.

Estrada, R., A. Hernández Avila, J. Luis Gerhartz Muro, A. Martínez Zorrilla, M. Melero Leon, M. Bliemsrieder Izquierdo, and K.C. Lindeman.  2004.  The Cuban National System of Marine Protected Areas.  Centro Nacional de Areas Protegidas, CITMA, La Habana, 16 pp.    

Duval, M.A., D.N. Rader, and K.C. Lindeman.   2004.  Linking habitat protection and marine protected area programs to conserve coral reefs and associated backreef habitats.  Bulletin of Marine Science 75(2):321-334.

Bush, D.M., W.J. Neal, N.J. Longo, K.C. Lindeman, D.F. Pilkey, L.S. Esteves, J.D. Congleton, and O.H. Pilkey.   2004.  Living with Florida’s Atlantic Beaches: Coastal Hazards from Amelia Island to Key West. Duke University Press. 338 pp.

Mumby, P.J., A.J. Edwards, J. Ernesto Arias-Gonzalez, K.C. Lindeman, P.G. Blackwell, A. Gall, M.I. Gorczynska, A.R. Harborne, C.L. Pescod, H. Renken, C.C. Wabnitz, and G. Llewellyn.   2004.  Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean.  Nature 427:533-536.

Lindeman, K.C. and R.S. Appeldoorn.   2003.  Improving applications of science in marine protected area design and management: workshop report.  Gulf and Caribbean Research 14(2):195-198.

Appeldoorn, R.S. and K.C. Lindeman.   2003.  A Caribbean-wide survey of no-take marine reserves: spatial coverage and attributes of effectiveness.  Gulf and Caribbean Research 14(2):139-154.

Claro, R. and K.C. Lindeman.   2003.  Spawning aggregation sites of snapper and grouper species (Lutjanidae and Serranidae) on the insular shelf of Cuba.  Gulf and Caribbean Research 14(2):91-106.

Lindeman, K.C. J.T.B. Tripp, D.J. Whittle, A. Moulaert-Quiros and E. Stewart.   2003.  Sustainable coastal tourism in Cuba: roles of environmental impact assessments, certification programs, and protection fees.  Tulane Environmental Law Journal 16:591-618.

Whittle, D. J., K. C. Lindeman, and J. T. B. Tripp.   2003.  International tourism and protection of Cuba's coastal and marine environments . Tulane Environmental Law Journal 16:533-589

Kingsford , M.J., J. M. Leis, A. Shanks, K. C. Lindeman, S. G. Morgan and J. Pineda.   2002.  Sensory environments, larval abilities and local self-recruitment.  Bulletin of Marine Science 70(1):309-340.

Lindeman, K.C. and C. Toxey.   2002.  Haemulidae - Grunts. pp. 1522-1550 In K. E. Carpenter, ed. The Living Marine Resources of the Central Western Atlantic. Volume 3, part 2: Bony fishes, sea turtles and marine mammals. United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome.

Sponaugle, S., R. K. Cowen, A. Shanks, S. G. Morgan, J. M. Leis, J. Pineda, G. W. Boehlert, M. J. Kingsford, K. C. Lindeman, C. Grimes, and J. L. Munro.   2002.  Predicting self–recruitment in marine populations: biophysical correlates. Bulletin of Marine Science 70(1):341-376.

Strathmann, R. R., T. P. Hughes, A. M. Kuris, K. C. Lindeman, S. G. Morgan, J. M. Pandolfi, and R. R. Warner.   2002. Evolution of local-recruitment and its consequences for marine populations.  Bulletin of Marine Science 70(1):377-396.

Lindeman, K. C., T. N. Lee, W. D. Wilson, R. Claro, and J. S. Ault.   2001.  Transport of larvae originating in southwest Cuba and the Dry Tortugas: evidence for partial retention in grunts and snappers.  Proc. Gulf & Caribbean Fisheries Inst.  52:732-747.

Lindeman, K. C., P. A. Kramer, and J. S. Ault.   2001.  Comparative approaches to coral reef monitoring and assessment: an overview.  Bulletin of Marine Science 69(2):35-38.

Claro, R., K. C. Lindeman, and L. R. Parenti. (Eds.)  2001.  Ecology of the Marine Fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press. 257 pp.

Claro, R. , J. A. Baisre, K. C. Lindeman, and J. P. Garci­a-Arteaga.   2001.  Cuban fisheries: historical trends and current status. In Claro, R., K. C. Lindeman, and L. R. Parenti (eds.) Ecology of the Marine Fishes of Cuba.  Smithsonian Institution Press.

Recksieck, C. W., B. R. Murphy, R. S. Appeldoorn, and K. C. Lindeman.  2001.  Integrating fish fauna and habitat assessments: a fundamental step in developing fishery reserve design criteria. Proc. Gulf & Caribbean Fisheries Inst. 52:654-666.

Lindeman, K. C., R. Pugliese, G. T. Waugh, and J. S. Ault.   2000. Developmental patterns within a multispecies reef fishery: management applications for essential fish habitats and protected areas. Bulletin of Marine Science 66(3):929-956.

Lindeman, K. C. and D. B. Snyder.   1999.  Nearshore hardbottom fishes of southeast Florida and effects of habitat burial caused by dredging. Fishery Bulletin. 97:508-525.

Claro, R. and J. P. Garcia-Arteaga (G. Bustamante and K. Lindeman, translators).  1999.  Perspectives on an artificial habitat program for fishes of the Cuban shelf. Florida Sea Grant Program SGEB-49. 38 pp.

Lindeman, K. C., G. A. Diaz, J. E. Serafy and J. S. Ault.   1998.  A spatial framework for assessing cross-shelf habitat use among newly settled grunts and snappers. Proc. Gulf & Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 50:385-416.

Ault, J. S., K. C. Lindeman and D. Clarke.  1998.  FISHFATE: population dynamics models to assess risks of hydraulic entrainment by dredges. Tech. Note DOER-E4, U. S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. 22 pp.

Lindeman, K. C.   1997.  Comparative management of beach systems of Florida and the Antilles: applications using ecological assessment and decision support procedures. pp. 134-164. In G. Cambers, ed. Managing Beach Resources in the Smaller Caribbean Islands. UNESCO Coastal Region and Small Island Papers # 1.

Serafy, J. E., K. C. Lindeman, T. E. Hopkins, and J. S. Ault.   1997.  Effects of freshwater canal discharges on subtropical marine fish assemblages: field and laboratory observations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 160:161-172.

Lindeman, K. C.  1996.  Review of Ecologia de los Peces Marinos de Cuba. R. Claro, ed. Bulletin of Marine Science 58(3):568-570.

Lindeman, K. C.  1996.  Ichthyofauna of a nearshore barrier island breakwater, Palm Beach, Florida. 32 pp. In R. G. Dean and R. Chen, eds. Performance of the midtown Palm Bch. prefabricated erosion prevention reef installation: July 1992-June 1995. Univ. Fl. Coastal & Ocean Engineer. Dept. UFL-COEL-96/006.

Richards, W.J., K.C. Lindeman, J. L.-Schultz, J.M. Leis, A. Ropke, M.E. Clarke, and B. H. Comyns.  1994.  Guide to the identification of the early life stages of lutjanid fishes (snappers) of the western Atlantic. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC 345:49 pp.

Lindeman, K. C.  1989.  Review of Blueprint for the Environment: A Plan for Federal Action. T. Comp, ed. Sea Frontiers 6:380-381.

Richards, W. J. and K. C. Lindeman.   1987.  Recruitment dynamics of reef fishes; planktonic processes, settlement and demersal ecologies, and fishery analysis. Bulletin of Marine Science. 41(2):392-410.

Lindeman, K. C.  1986.  Development of larvae of the French grunt, Haemulon flavolineatum, and comparative development of twelve western Atlantic species of Haemulon. Bulletin of Marine Science. 39(3):673-716.

Appeldoorn, R. S. and K. C. Lindeman.   1985.  Multispecies assessments in coral reef fisheries using higher taxonomic categories as unit stocks, with an analysis of an artisanal haemulid fishery. Proc. Fifth Internat. Coral Reef Congress.  5:507-514.

Research

Sustainable coastal management.  
Coastal fishes and habitats.
Coastal and marine protected areas.